LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THU HÚT ĐẦU TƯ TRỰC TIẾP NƯỚC NGOÀI (FDI) VÀO LĨNH VỰC BÁN LẺ
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ĐỖ VĂN TÍNH</p>
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Tổng quan về Vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI). Theo quỹ tiền tệ quốc tế (IMF) năm 1977 định nghĩa như sau:Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài ám chỉ số lượng đầu tư được thực hiện để thu được lợi ích lâu dài trong một hãng hoạt động ở một nền kinh tế khác với nền kinh tế của nhà đầu tư, mục đích của nhà đầu tư là giành được tiếng nói có hiệu quả trong công việc quản lý hãng đó.</p>
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Theo luật Đầu tư mới 2005 tại điều 3, khoản 12 chỉ quy định:“Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài” tại một quốc gia là hình thức mà nhà đầutư ở một nước khác đưa vốn bằng tiền hoặc bất kì tài sản nào vào quốc gia đó, là nước tiếp nhận đầu tư để có quyền sở hữu và quản lý hoặc quyền kiểm soát một thực thể kinh tế tại quốc gia đó, với mục đích thu được lợi nhuận từ hoạt động đầu tư đó, dựa trên cơ sở tuân theo quy định của Luật Đầu tư nước ngoài của nước sở tại.</p>
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Các nhân tố thúc đẩy dòng vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài: Nhu cầu nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng vốn; Nhu cầu mở rộng thị trường, tránh các rào cản thương mại; Khai thác các nguồn lực giá rẻ;</p>
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Lợi ích và các tác động tiêu cực của dòng vốn đầu tư trực tiếpnước ngoài</p>
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Lợi ích của dòng vốn FDI: Thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế; Hỗ trợ cho quá trình CNH, HĐH hóa đất nước; Góp phần làm tăng nguồn thu ngân sách; Tạo ra nhiều việc làm, nâng cao chất lượng cuộc sống của người lao động và chất lượng nguồn nhân lực nước sở tại; Nâng cao trình độ kỹ thuật,công nghệ; Thúc đẩy xuất khẩu.</p>
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Các tác động tiêu cực của dòng vốn FDI: Sự phụ thuộc của nền kinh tế vào FDI; Tăng sự cạnh tranh với kinh tế trong nước; Vấn đề chuyển giao công nghệ, kỹ thuật lạc hậu; Ảnh hưởng đến môi trường và làm khánh kiệt tài nguyên thiên nhiên; Tác động của FDI vào đời sống xã hội.</p>
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Vai trò và đặc điểm của FDI vào lĩnh vực bán lẻ</p>
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Philip Kotler đã định nghĩa bán lẻ nhưsau: Bán lẻ bao gồm tất cả những hoạt động liên quan đến việc bánhàng hóa hay dịch vụ trực tiếp cho người tiêu dùng cuối cùng để họ sử dụng vào mục đích cá nhân, không kinh doanh. Mọi tổ chức làm công việc bán hàng này, cho dù là người sản xuất, người bán sỉ hay người bán lẻ, đều là làm công việc bán lẻ, bất kể là hàng hóa hay dịch vụ đó được bán nhưthế nào (trực tiếp, qua bưu điện, qua điện thoại hay máy tự động bán hàng) hay chúng được bán ở đâu (tại cửa hàng, ngoài phố hoặc tại nhà người tiêu dùng). Một cách ngắn gọn: bán lẻ là những trung gian thương mại bán sản phẩm trực tiếp cho người tiêu dùng cuối cùng.</p>
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Vị trí của ngành bán lẻ trong lĩnh vực dịch vụ phân phối.</p>
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" /></p>
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Hình 1.1 – Vị trí của dịch vụ bán lẻ trong ngành dịch vụ phân phối</p>
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(Nguồn: Bảng phân ngành dịch vụ của WTO)</p>
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Khi hàng hóa được sản xuất ra, sẽ được đưa đến tay người tiêu dùng thông qua các kênh phân phối. Dù sử dụng kênh phân phối nào đi chăng nữa thì bán lẻ cũng luôn nằm ở vị trí cuối cùng của kênh phân phối đó. Nói cách khác, người bán lẻ là cầu nối giữa nhà sản xuất với người tiêu dùng cuối cùng.</p>
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" /></p>
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Hình 1.2 – Vị trí của nhà bán lẻ trong kênh phân phối</p>
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(Nguồn: Philip Kotler (2015), Quản trị Marketing</p>
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Những điểm mới trong xu hướng phát triển của ngành bán lẻ: Sự giảm sút của các cửa hàng nhỏ; Internet và thương mại điện tử: Internet, một phương tiện trung gian phổ biến mở ra con đường rộng mở cho các nhà bán lẻ; Sự gia tăng của các cửa hàng giảm giá; Chiếm lĩnh thị trường; Mua lại và sáp nhập.</p>
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Vai trò của bán lẻ trong nền kinh tế: Dịch vụ bán lẻ có vai trò điều tiết hàng hóa; Cung cấp hàng hóa đến tay người tiêu dùng cuối cùng; Doanh thu lĩnh vực dịch vụ bán lẻ là công cụ phản ánh tình hình sản xuất kinh doanh và mức sông của dân cư trong xã hội; Lĩnh vực dịch vụ bán lẻ giữ vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình tái sản xuất mở rộng xã hội; Thu thập thông tin thị trường, phản ánh trở lại nhà sản xuất; Thúc đẩy sản xuất phát triển; Tạo lập và nâng cao sức cạnh tranh của các doanh nghiệp.</p>
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Vai trò của FDI đối với sự phát triển của lĩnh vực bán lẻ: Giúp các cơ sở sản xuất hoạt động hiệu quả; Giá cả hàng hóa cạnh tranh; Sự sẵn có của công nghệ mới; Thanh khoản tiền mặt dài hạn.</p>
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Đặc trưng của FDI trong lĩnh vực bán lẻ và tác động của chúng đối với nước tiếp nhận. </p>
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Ngoài những đặc điểm chung của FDI như đã nêu ở trên, FDI trong lĩnh vực bán lẻ còn có mang điểm đặc trưng như sau: Nguồn vốn FDI trong lĩnh vực bán lẻ chủ yếu bắt nguồn từ các nước phát triển; FDI chủ yếu tập trung vào những thị trường đông người tiêu dùng, với mức sống cao; Yêu cầu cao về môi trường đầu tư đặc biệt là môi trường văn hóa.</p>
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Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc thu hút FDI vào lĩnh vực dịch vụ bán lẻ: Khung chính sách; Các yếu tố kinh tế; Các nhân tố tạo thuận lợi cho kinh doanh; Các tiêu chí đánh giá thu hút FDI vào lĩnh vực dịch vụ bán lẻ; Quy mô vốn đăng ký; Cơ cấu FDI; . Đối tác đầu tư.</p>
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<strong>TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO</strong></p>
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1. Nguyễn Hữu Khải (2007), Các ngành dịch vụ Việt Nam, NXB Thống Kê, Hà Nội.</p>
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2. Philip Kotler (2015), “Quản trị Marketing”, NXB Thống kê, Hà Nội.</p>
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3. Đinh Thị Mỹ Loan (2008), Việt Nam gia nhập WTO và xu hướng phát triển thị trường bán lẻ.</p>
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4. Nhóm tác giả thuộc Viện nghiên cứu Quản lý Kinh tế Trung ương (Ciem – Nguyễn Thị Tuệ Anh làm trưởng nhóm) (2006),“Tác động của đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tới tăng trưởng kinh tế ở Việt Nam”, Dự án SIDA.</p>
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